[Perf] Speed up the Kimi-K2.5 vision path and match PIL bicubic in the GPU resize (#33349)

Co-authored-by: Mick <mickjagger19@icloud.com>

python/sglang/srt/layers/attention/vision.py

@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ def prepare_vision_attention_metadata(
     cu_seqlens: torch.Tensor,
     device: torch.device,
     *,
+    max_seqlen: Optional[int] = None,
     packed_indptrs: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
     sequence_lengths: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
     flashinfer_max_seqlen: Optional[int] = None,
@@ -156,6 +157,7 @@ def prepare_vision_attention_metadata(
 
     cu_seqlens = cu_seqlens.to(device=device, dtype=torch.int32, non_blocking=True)
     seq_lens = cu_seqlens[1:] - cu_seqlens[:-1]
+    if max_seqlen is None:
         max_seqlen = int(seq_lens.max().item())
     return VisionAttentionMetadata(
         cu_seqlens=cu_seqlens,

python/sglang/srt/models/kimi_k25.py

@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@ import torch.nn.functional as F
 from torch import nn
 from transformers.activations import PytorchGELUTanh
 
+from sglang.kernels.ops.attention.vision_rope import (
+    PreparedInplaceComplexRoPE,
+    apply_fused_qk_complex_rope_inplace,
+    prepare_fused_qk_complex_rope_inplace,
+)
 from sglang.srt.configs.kimi_k25 import KimiK25Config, KimiK25VisionConfig
 from sglang.srt.eplb.expert_location import ModelConfigForExpertLocation
 from sglang.srt.layers.attention.vision import (
@@ -33,32 +38,46 @@ from sglang.srt.managers.schedule_batch import (
 from sglang.srt.model_executor.forward_batch_info import ForwardBatch, PPProxyTensors
 from sglang.srt.model_loader.weight_utils import default_weight_loader
 from sglang.srt.models.deepseek_v2 import DeepseekV3ForCausalLM
-from sglang.srt.models.kimi_vl_moonvit import MLP2
+from sglang.srt.models.kimi_vl_moonvit import MLP2, tpool_patch_merger
 from sglang.srt.models.utils import WeightsMapper
 from sglang.srt.multimodal.mm_utils import (
+    concat_or_single,
     materialize_multimodal_features,
     run_dp_sharded_mrope_vision_model,
 )
-from sglang.srt.runtime_context import get_mm, get_parallel, get_server_args
-from sglang.srt.utils import add_prefix, is_npu
+from sglang.srt.runtime_context import (
+    get_exec,
+    get_mm,
+    get_parallel,
+    get_server_args,
+)
+from sglang.srt.utils import add_prefix, is_cuda, is_npu
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 _is_npu = is_npu()
+_is_cuda = is_cuda()
 
 
 def apply_rope(
-    xq: torch.Tensor, xk: torch.Tensor, freqs_cis: torch.Tensor, x_shape=None
+    xq: torch.Tensor,
+    xk: torch.Tensor,
+    freqs_cis: torch.Tensor | PreparedInplaceComplexRoPE,
+    x_shape=None,
 ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
     """
     Args: (The leading dimensions of all inputs should be the same)
         xq: query, tensor of shape (..., num_heads, head_dim)
         xk: key, tensor of shape (..., num_heads, head_dim)
-        freqs_cis: tensor of shape (..., head_dim/2), dtype=torch.complex64. It contains the precomputed cis(freqs) for each position in the 2D grid.
+        freqs_cis: Complex frequencies for the portable path, or inputs
+            prepared once for the contiguous in-place CUDA kernel.
     Returns:
         xq_out, xk_out: tensors of shape (..., num_heads, head_dim)
     """
 
+    if isinstance(freqs_cis, tuple):
+        return apply_fused_qk_complex_rope_inplace(xq, xk, freqs_cis)
+
     freqs_cis = freqs_cis.unsqueeze(-2)  # ..., 1, head_dim/2
     # ..., num_heads, head_dim/2
     xq_ = torch.view_as_complex(xq.float().view(*xq.shape[:-1], -1, 2))
@@ -68,36 +87,6 @@ def apply_rope(
     return xq_out.type_as(xq), xk_out.type_as(xk)
 
 
-def tpool_patch_merger(
-    x: torch.Tensor,
-    grid_thws: torch.Tensor,
-    merge_kernel_size: tuple[int, int] = (2, 2),
-) -> list[torch.Tensor]:
-    d_model = x.size(-1)
-
-    outputs = []
-    pre_sum = 0
-    for t, h, w in grid_thws.tolist():
-        # Get the current sequence
-        seq = x[pre_sum : pre_sum + t * h * w]
-        # Reshape along self.merge_kernel_size and concat to the last dimension
-        kernel_height, kernel_width = merge_kernel_size
-        new_height, new_width = h // kernel_height, w // kernel_width
-        reshaped_seq = seq.view(
-            t, new_height, kernel_height, new_width, kernel_width, d_model
-        )
-        reshaped_seq = (
-            reshaped_seq.permute(0, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5).contiguous().mean(dim=0)
-        )  # temporal pooling
-        padded_seq = reshaped_seq.view(
-            new_height * new_width, kernel_height * kernel_width, -1
-        )
-        outputs.append(padded_seq)
-        pre_sum += t * h * w
-
-    return outputs
-
-
 class MoonViTEncoderLayer(nn.Module):
 
     def __init__(
@@ -433,6 +422,9 @@ class MoonVision3dPatchEmbed(nn.Module):
 
 
 class MoonViT3dEncoder(nn.Module):
+    # Class-level default so forward() stays usable on instances built with
+    # __new__ (unit tests skip __init__).
+    use_fused_rope = False
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -452,6 +444,9 @@ class MoonViT3dEncoder(nn.Module):
         self.rope_2d = Rope2DPosEmbRepeated(
             block_cfg["hidden_dim"] // block_cfg["num_heads"], 512, 512
         )
+        self.use_fused_rope = (
+            _is_cuda and get_exec().deterministic.rl_on_policy_target is None
+        )
         self.blocks = nn.ModuleList(
             [
                 MoonViTEncoderLayer(
@@ -472,8 +467,18 @@ class MoonViT3dEncoder(nn.Module):
         rope_freqs_cis = self.rope_2d.get_freqs_cis(
             grid_thws=grid_thws, device=hidden_states.device
         )
+        # The in-place kernel is a JIT template on the q/k dtype, and only
+        # fp16/bf16 are exercised by test_vision_rope_inplace. Leave other
+        # dtypes on the portable path rather than ship an untested one.
+        if self.use_fused_rope and hidden_states.dtype in (
+            torch.float16,
+            torch.bfloat16,
+        ):
+            rope_freqs_cis = prepare_fused_qk_complex_rope_inplace(rope_freqs_cis)
 
-        sequence_lengths = (grid_thws[:, 0] * grid_thws[:, 1] * grid_thws[:, 2]).to(
+        sequence_lengths = grid_thws[:, 0] * grid_thws[:, 1] * grid_thws[:, 2]
+        max_seqlen = int(sequence_lengths.max().item())
+        sequence_lengths = sequence_lengths.to(
             device=hidden_states.device, dtype=torch.int32
         )
         lengths = torch.cat(
@@ -483,14 +488,12 @@ class MoonViT3dEncoder(nn.Module):
             )
         )
 
-        # FlashAttention needs a host integer.  Compute it once per MoonViT
-        # forward and pass it to every encoder block instead of synchronizing
-        # once per block inside the attention backend.
-        max_seqlen = int(lengths.max().item())
         cu_seqlens = lengths.to(hidden_states.device).cumsum(dim=0, dtype=torch.int32)
 
         forward_metadata = prepare_vision_attention_metadata(
-            cu_seqlens, device=hidden_states.device
+            cu_seqlens,
+            device=hidden_states.device,
+            max_seqlen=max_seqlen,
         )
 
         for block in self.blocks:
@@ -625,18 +628,12 @@ class K2VLMultiModalProjector(nn.Module):
 
 @torch.inference_mode()
 def mm_projection_auto(
-    mm_projector: torch.nn.Module | None, vt_output: list[torch.Tensor]
-):
-    """Apply MM projector to vision tower outputs."""
-    if mm_projector is None:
-        return vt_output
-
-    num_embedding_list = [x.shape[0] for x in vt_output]
-    batched = torch.cat(vt_output, dim=0)
-    proj_out = mm_projector(batched) if mm_projector else batched
-    proj_out = proj_out.reshape(-1, proj_out.shape[-1])
-    proj_out = torch.split(proj_out, num_embedding_list)
-    return proj_out
+    mm_projector: torch.nn.Module,
+    vt_output: Sequence[torch.Tensor],
+) -> torch.Tensor:
+    """Project MoonViT's per-image outputs into one flattened (tokens, dim) feature."""
+    projected = mm_projector(concat_or_single(vt_output, dim=0))
+    return projected.reshape(-1, projected.shape[-1])
 
 
 class KimiK25ForConditionalGeneration(nn.Module):
@@ -769,9 +766,11 @@ class KimiK25ForConditionalGeneration(nn.Module):
             return image_features
 
         pixel_values = materialize_item_features(list(range(len(items))))
-        image_embeds = self.vision_tower(pixel_values, grid_thws.to(device))
-        proj_out = mm_projection_auto(self.mm_projector, image_embeds)
-        return torch.cat(proj_out, dim=0)
+        # grid_thws stays on the host: MoonViT3d only reads it as shape metadata
+        # (.tolist() in the pos-emb, RoPE and merger), so a device copy would
+        # buy one sync per read. Same contract the encoder-DP path relies on.
+        image_embeds = self.vision_tower(pixel_values, grid_thws)
+        return mm_projection_auto(self.mm_projector, image_embeds)
 
     def pad_input_ids(self, input_ids: List[int], mm_inputs: MultimodalInputs):
         pattern = MultiModalityDataPaddingPatternMultimodalTokens()

python/sglang/srt/models/kimi_vl_moonvit.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 # ruff: noqa: E501
 # Adapted from https://huggingface.co/moonshotai/Kimi-VL-A3B-Instruct/blob/main/modeling_kimi_vl.py
-# This file is meant to be used in kimi_vl.py only
+# Shared MoonViT building blocks for kimi_vl.py and kimi_k25.py
 # Copyright 2025 The Moonshot AI Team, DeepSeek-AI, and HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
 #
 # The code is based on llava (llava/modeling_llava.py) and DeepSeek-V3 (DeepSeek-V3/modeling_deepseek.py), but modified for KimiVL.
@@ -566,6 +566,35 @@ def patch_merger(
     return outputs
 
 
+def tpool_patch_merger(
+    x: torch.Tensor,
+    grid_thws: torch.Tensor,
+    merge_kernel_size: tuple[int, int] = (2, 2),
+) -> List[torch.Tensor]:
+    """Group spatial patches and average only across real video frames."""
+
+    d_model = x.size(-1)
+    outputs = []
+    pre_sum = 0
+    for t, h, w in grid_thws.tolist():
+        seq = x[pre_sum : pre_sum + t * h * w]
+        kernel_height, kernel_width = merge_kernel_size
+        new_height, new_width = h // kernel_height, w // kernel_width
+        reshaped_seq = seq.view(
+            t, new_height, kernel_height, new_width, kernel_width, d_model
+        )
+        reshaped_seq = reshaped_seq.permute(0, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5).contiguous()
+        reshaped_seq = reshaped_seq.squeeze(0) if t == 1 else reshaped_seq.mean(dim=0)
+        outputs.append(
+            reshaped_seq.view(
+                new_height * new_width, kernel_height * kernel_width, d_model
+            )
+        )
+        pre_sum += t * h * w
+
+    return outputs
+
+
 class MoonVitVLProjector(nn.Module):
 
     def __init__(

python/sglang/srt/multimodal/mm_utils.py

@@ -544,6 +544,12 @@ def run_dp_sharded_vision_model(
     return vision_embeddings
 
 
+def concat_or_single(tensors: Sequence[torch.Tensor], dim: int = 0) -> torch.Tensor:
+    """Concatenate multiple tensors without copying a singleton input."""
+
+    return tensors[0] if len(tensors) == 1 else torch.cat(tensors, dim=dim)
+
+
 # Adapted from https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/main/vllm/model_executor/models/vision.py
 def run_dp_sharded_mrope_vision_model(
     vision_model: torch.nn.Module,
@@ -617,12 +623,12 @@ def run_dp_sharded_mrope_vision_model(
             # already concatenates these tensors before returning, so keep the
             # TP=1 DP-encoder path on the same projector-facing contract.
             if isinstance(image_embeds, list):
-                return torch.cat(image_embeds, dim=0)
+                return concat_or_single(image_embeds, dim=0)
             return image_embeds
         if rope_type == "rope_2d_packed":
             image_embeds = vision_model(pixel_values, grid_thw)
             if isinstance(image_embeds, list):
-                return torch.cat(image_embeds, dim=0)
+                return concat_or_single(image_embeds, dim=0)
             return image_embeds
         return vision_model(pixel_values, grid_thw=grid_thw)
 
@@ -719,7 +725,7 @@ def run_dp_sharded_mrope_vision_model(
             else:
                 image_embeds_local = vision_model(pixel_values_local, local_grid_thw)
             if isinstance(image_embeds_local, list):
-                image_embeds_local = torch.cat(image_embeds_local, dim=0)
+                image_embeds_local = concat_or_single(image_embeds_local, dim=0)
         else:
             out_dim = getattr(vision_model.config, "hidden_size", None)
             image_embeds_local = torch.empty(
@@ -734,7 +740,7 @@ def run_dp_sharded_mrope_vision_model(
                 pixel_values_local, torch.tensor(local_grid_thw_list)
             )
             if isinstance(image_embeds_local, list):
-                image_embeds_local = torch.cat(image_embeds_local, dim=0)
+                image_embeds_local = concat_or_single(image_embeds_local, dim=0)
         else:
             # Handle empty case
             out_dim = getattr(vision_model, "out_hidden_size", None)

python/sglang/srt/multimodal/processors/base_processor.py

@@ -181,6 +181,9 @@ class BaseMultimodalProcessor(ABC):
     gpu_image_decode = True  # Enable GPU decoding by default
     prefer_tokenized_input = False
     precompute_hash_before_cpu_transfer = False
+    # Set by processors that already build input_ids from the request's own
+    # tokens, so the retokenize-avoidance rebuild below has nothing to add.
+    preserve_processor_input_ids = False
     auto_mm_processor_worker_num = 1
     auto_mm_io_worker_num = 4
     supports_mm_processor_concurrency = False
@@ -1510,6 +1513,7 @@ class BaseMultimodalProcessor(ABC):
             # Drift happens when Retokenization is not identity: Decode(X) => String => Re-tokenize => Y, X != Y.
             if (
                 envs.SGLANG_MM_AVOID_RETOKENIZE.get()
+                and not self.preserve_processor_input_ids
                 and base_output.input_ids is not None
                 and input_ids is not None
                 and raw_images

python/sglang/srt/multimodal/processors/kimi_common.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 Shared by KimiVLImageProcessor and KimiK2_5VLImageProcessor.
 """
 
-from typing import Union
+from typing import Optional, Union
 
 import numpy as np
 import torch
@@ -38,6 +38,22 @@ class KimiGridMMDataMixin:
             for image in images
         ]
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def count_image_placeholders(input_ids, image_token_id: int) -> Optional[int]:
+        """Structural image tokens in a pre-tokenized prompt, None if it is text."""
+        if not isinstance(input_ids, (list, torch.Tensor)):
+            return None
+
+        token_ids = np.asarray(
+            (
+                input_ids.detach().flatten().cpu()
+                if isinstance(input_ids, torch.Tensor)
+                else input_ids
+            ),
+            dtype=np.int64,
+        )
+        return int(np.count_nonzero(token_ids == image_token_id))
+
     def _num_image_tokens_from_grid(
         self, grid_thw: Union[torch.Tensor, np.ndarray, list, tuple]
     ) -> int:

python/sglang/srt/multimodal/processors/kimi_k25.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import torch
 import torch.nn.functional as F
 from PIL import Image
 
+from sglang.kernels.ops.mm.process import normalize_and_patchify
 from sglang.srt.managers.schedule_batch import (
     MultimodalProcessorOutput,
 )
@@ -79,6 +80,34 @@ def _get_image_dimensions(image: Union[torch.Tensor, Image.Image]) -> tuple[int,
     return image.size  # PIL returns (width, height)
 
 
+def _expand_image_token_ids(
+    input_ids: Union[List[int], torch.Tensor],
+    image_token_id: int,
+    image_token_counts: List[int],
+) -> torch.Tensor:
+    """Expand one placeholder per image without tokenizing the media string again.
+
+    Same rebuild as ``BaseMultimodalProcessor._expand_input_ids``, but staying in
+    the array domain skips a list round trip on the way to the output tensor.
+    test_kimi_k25.py pins the two together.
+    """
+    if isinstance(input_ids, torch.Tensor):
+        input_ids = input_ids.detach().flatten().cpu().numpy()
+    input_ids = np.asarray(input_ids, dtype=np.int64)
+
+    placeholder_mask = input_ids == image_token_id
+    placeholder_count = np.count_nonzero(placeholder_mask)
+    if placeholder_count != len(image_token_counts):
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Expected {len(image_token_counts)} image placeholder token(s), "
+            f"found {placeholder_count}."
+        )
+
+    repeats = np.ones(input_ids.shape, dtype=np.int64)
+    repeats[placeholder_mask] = image_token_counts
+    return torch.from_numpy(np.repeat(input_ids, repeats)).unsqueeze(0)
+
+
 def _pil_to_cuda_chw(image: Image.Image) -> torch.Tensor:
     """Convert PIL Image to (C, H, W) uint8 CUDA tensor."""
     arr = np.asarray(image.convert("RGB"))
@@ -95,10 +124,16 @@ def _ensure_chw_rgb(image: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
     consistent channel dimension. Normalize every tensor to 3 channels.
 
     Also move the tensor to the GPU (matching _pil_to_cuda_chw) so a CPU
-    input does not trip a device mismatch against the CUDA image_mean /
-    image_std_inv normalization constants downstream. No-op if already on
-    the device.
+    input does not trip a device mismatch against the CUDA normalization
+    constants downstream. No-op if already on the device.
     """
+    if image.dtype != torch.uint8:
+        # Raw 0-255 is load-bearing downstream: the resize rounds to integers
+        # and the normalization folds in a 1/255 scale, so a normalized float
+        # image would collapse to 0/1 and then be rescaled.
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Kimi GPU preprocessing expects raw uint8 pixels, got {image.dtype}"
+        )
     image = image.cuda()
     if image.dim() == 2:  # (H, W) grayscale -> (1, H, W)
         image = image.unsqueeze(0)
@@ -111,39 +146,67 @@ def _ensure_chw_rgb(image: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
     return image[:3]
 
 
+def _resize_bicubic_if_needed(
+    image: torch.Tensor, target_height: int, target_width: int
+) -> torch.Tensor:
+    """Track the checkpoint processor's ``PIL.Image.resize(..., BICUBIC)``.
+
+    NaViT only ever downscales, and PIL's bicubic widens its kernel support by
+    the scale factor -- it always antialiases, which ``F.interpolate`` only does
+    under ``antialias=True``. PIL also returns uint8, so round and clip back to
+    integer pixels; the bicubic overshoot would otherwise survive normalization.
+
+    Close but not exact: PIL evaluates uint8 resizes in fixed point, so a few
+    8-bit levels of residual remain -- against PIL's float path we agree to 5e-3,
+    i.e. the kernel matches and only the arithmetic differs.
+    """
+    image = image.float()
+    if image.shape[-2:] == (target_height, target_width):
+        return image
+    return (
+        F.interpolate(
+            image,
+            size=(target_height, target_width),
+            mode="bicubic",
+            align_corners=False,
+            antialias=True,
+        )
+        .round_()
+        .clamp_(0.0, 255.0)
+    )
+
+
+def _grid_thw_from_resize_config(config: dict, patch_size: int) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
+    height = config["new_height"] + config["pad_height"]
+    width = config["new_width"] + config["pad_width"]
+    return 1, height // patch_size, width // patch_size
+
+
+def _to_cuda_chw(image: Union[torch.Tensor, Image.Image]) -> torch.Tensor:
+    if isinstance(image, Image.Image):
+        return _pil_to_cuda_chw(image)
+    return _ensure_chw_rgb(image)
+
+
 def _process_single_image(
     image: Union[torch.Tensor, Image.Image],
     config: dict,
-    image_mean: torch.Tensor,
-    image_std_inv: torch.Tensor,
+    image_scale: torch.Tensor,
+    image_bias: torch.Tensor,
     patch_size: int,
-) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
+) -> torch.Tensor:
     """Process a single image on GPU: resize -> pad -> normalize -> patchify."""
-    if isinstance(image, Image.Image):
-        image = _pil_to_cuda_chw(image)
-    else:
-        image = _ensure_chw_rgb(image)
+    image = _to_cuda_chw(image)
 
     new_h, new_w = config["new_height"], config["new_width"]
-    pad_h, pad_w = config["pad_height"], config["pad_width"]
+    padded_h = new_h + config["pad_height"]
+    padded_w = new_w + config["pad_width"]
 
-    x = image.unsqueeze(0).float()
-    x = F.interpolate(x, size=(new_h, new_w), mode="bicubic", align_corners=False)
+    x = _resize_bicubic_if_needed(image.unsqueeze(0), new_h, new_w)
 
-    if pad_h > 0 or pad_w > 0:
-        x = F.pad(x, (0, pad_w, 0, pad_h), value=0.0)
-
-    x = x / 255.0
-    x = (x - image_mean) * image_std_inv
-
-    _, C, H, W = x.shape
-    T = 1
-    gh, gw = H // patch_size, W // patch_size
-    x = x.view(T, C, gh, patch_size, gw, patch_size)
-    x = x.permute(0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 5).reshape(-1, C, patch_size, patch_size)
-
-    grid_thw = torch.tensor([T, gh, gw], dtype=torch.int64, device=x.device)
-    return x, grid_thw
+    return normalize_and_patchify(
+        x, image_scale, image_bias, patch_size, padded_h, padded_w
+    ).squeeze(0)
 
 
 def _resize_images_by_source_shape(
@@ -166,22 +229,14 @@ def _resize_images_by_source_shape(
     for images in by_source_shape.values():
         if len(images) == 1:
             index, image = images[0]
-            resized_by_index[index] = F.interpolate(
-                image.unsqueeze(0).float(),
-                size=(target_height, target_width),
-                mode="bicubic",
-                align_corners=False,
+            resized_by_index[index] = _resize_bicubic_if_needed(
+                image.unsqueeze(0), target_height, target_width
             )
             continue
 
-        source_batch = torch.cat(
-            [image.unsqueeze(0) for _, image in images], dim=0
-        ).float()
-        resized_batch = F.interpolate(
-            source_batch,
-            size=(target_height, target_width),
-            mode="bicubic",
-            align_corners=False,
+        source_batch = torch.cat([image.unsqueeze(0) for _, image in images], dim=0)
+        resized_batch = _resize_bicubic_if_needed(
+            source_batch, target_height, target_width
         )
         for local_index, (index, _) in enumerate(images):
             resized_by_index[index] = resized_batch[local_index : local_index + 1]
@@ -192,8 +247,8 @@ def _resize_images_by_source_shape(
 def _gpu_preprocess_images(
     images: list[Union[torch.Tensor, Image.Image]],
     resize_configs: list[dict],
-    image_mean: torch.Tensor,
-    image_std_inv: torch.Tensor,
+    image_scale: torch.Tensor,
+    image_bias: torch.Tensor,
     patch_size: int,
 ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
     """GPU preprocessing pipeline for a batch of images.
@@ -202,10 +257,10 @@ def _gpu_preprocess_images(
     """
     n = len(images)
     if n == 0:
-        device = image_mean.device
+        device = image_scale.device
         return (
             torch.empty(0, 3, patch_size, patch_size, device=device),
-            torch.empty(0, 3, dtype=torch.int64, device=device),
+            torch.empty(0, 3, dtype=torch.int64),
         )
 
     groups = defaultdict(list)
@@ -222,19 +277,13 @@ def _gpu_preprocess_images(
     for (target_h, target_w, padded_h, padded_w), group in groups.items():
         if len(group) == 1:
             idx, image, config = group[0]
-            patches, grid = _process_single_image(
-                image, config, image_mean, image_std_inv, patch_size
+            patches = _process_single_image(
+                image, config, image_scale, image_bias, patch_size
             )
             all_patches[idx] = patches
-            all_grids[idx] = grid
+            all_grids[idx] = _grid_thw_from_resize_config(config, patch_size)
         else:
-            indexed_images = []
-            for idx, image, _ in group:
-                if isinstance(image, Image.Image):
-                    image = _pil_to_cuda_chw(image)
-                else:
-                    image = _ensure_chw_rgb(image)
-                indexed_images.append((idx, image))
+            indexed_images = [(idx, _to_cuda_chw(image)) for idx, image, _ in group]
 
             # One NaViT target group can include several original resolutions.
             # Batch only source-compatible images, which removes redundant
@@ -245,29 +294,24 @@ def _gpu_preprocess_images(
                 dim=0,
             )
 
-            pad_h = padded_h - target_h
-            pad_w = padded_w - target_w
-            if pad_h > 0 or pad_w > 0:
-                batch = F.pad(batch, (0, pad_w, 0, pad_h), value=0.0)
-
-            batch = batch / 255.0
-            batch = (batch - image_mean) * image_std_inv
-
-            B, C, H, W = batch.shape
             T = 1
-            gh, gw = H // patch_size, W // patch_size
-            batch = batch.view(B, C, gh, patch_size, gw, patch_size)
-            batch = batch.permute(0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 5).reshape(
-                B, -1, C, patch_size, patch_size
+            gh, gw = padded_h // patch_size, padded_w // patch_size
+            batch = normalize_and_patchify(
+                batch,
+                image_scale,
+                image_bias,
+                patch_size,
+                padded_h,
+                padded_w,
             )
 
-            grid = torch.tensor([T, gh, gw], dtype=torch.int64, device=batch.device)
+            grid = (T, gh, gw)
             for i, (idx, _, _) in enumerate(group):
                 all_patches[idx] = batch[i]
                 all_grids[idx] = grid
 
     pixel_values = torch.cat(all_patches, dim=0)
-    grid_thws = torch.stack(all_grids, dim=0)
+    grid_thws = torch.tensor(all_grids, dtype=torch.int64)
     return pixel_values, grid_thws
 
 
@@ -290,6 +334,7 @@ class KimiGPUProcessorWrapper:
         self,
         hf_processor,
         image_token,
+        image_token_id,
         patch_size,
         merge_kernel_size,
         in_patch_limit,
@@ -300,6 +345,7 @@ class KimiGPUProcessorWrapper:
     ):
         self._hf_processor = hf_processor
         self._image_token = image_token
+        self._image_token_id = image_token_id
         self._patch_size = patch_size
         self._merge_kernel_size = merge_kernel_size
         self._in_patch_limit = in_patch_limit
@@ -320,12 +366,30 @@ class KimiGPUProcessorWrapper:
     def __call__(self, text=None, images=None, **kwargs):
         # process_mm_data passes images via kwargs["images"]
         images = images or kwargs.pop("images", None)
+        original_input_ids = kwargs.pop("sglang_original_input_ids", None)
 
         if images and torch.cuda.is_available():
-            return self._gpu_call(text, images)
-        return self._cpu_call(text, images, **kwargs)
+            return self._gpu_call(text, images, original_input_ids)
+        return self._cpu_call(text, images, original_input_ids, **kwargs)
 
-    def _gpu_call(self, text, images):
+    def _prepare_input_ids(self, input_text, resize_configs, original_input_ids):
+        if original_input_ids is not None:
+            return _expand_image_token_ids(
+                original_input_ids,
+                self._image_token_id,
+                [config["num_tokens"] for config in resize_configs],
+            )
+
+        parts = input_text.split(self._image_token)
+        result = [parts[0]]
+        for config, part in zip(resize_configs, parts[1:]):
+            result.append(self._image_token * config["num_tokens"] + part)
+        expanded_text = "".join(result)
+        return self._hf_processor.tokenizer(expanded_text, return_tensors="pt")[
+            "input_ids"
+        ]
+
+    def _gpu_call(self, text, images, original_input_ids=None):
         """Bypass HF KimiK25VisionProcessor.preprocess entirely -- use GPU ops."""
         input_text = text[0] if isinstance(text, list) else text
 
@@ -345,44 +409,44 @@ class KimiGPUProcessorWrapper:
                 )
             )
 
-        # 2. Expand image tokens
-        parts = input_text.split(self._image_token)
-        result = [parts[0]]
-        for config, part in zip(resize_configs, parts[1:]):
-            result.append(self._image_token * config["num_tokens"] + part)
-        input_text = "".join(result)
-
-        # 3. Tokenize
-        text_inputs = self._hf_processor.tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt")
-
-        # 4. GPU image preprocessing
-        image_mean, image_std_inv = self._get_gpu_norm_tensors()
-        pixel_values, grid_thws = _gpu_preprocess_images(
-            images, resize_configs, image_mean, image_std_inv, self._patch_size
+        # 2. Reuse the request's tokenization when available: expanding the
+        # placeholders is exact, and skips tokenizing thousands of repeated
+        # ``<|media_pad|>`` strings.
+        input_ids = self._prepare_input_ids(
+            input_text, resize_configs, original_input_ids
         )
 
-        grid_thws = grid_thws.cpu()
+        # 3. GPU image preprocessing
+        image_scale, image_bias = self._get_gpu_norm_tensors()
+        pixel_values, grid_thws = _gpu_preprocess_images(
+            images, resize_configs, image_scale, image_bias, self._patch_size
+        )
 
         return {
-            "input_ids": text_inputs["input_ids"],
+            "input_ids": input_ids,
             "pixel_values": pixel_values,
             # Use SGL-standard key so get_new_expanded_mm_items() can split
             # per-image for cache granularity (it looks up 'image_grid_thw').
             "image_grid_thw": grid_thws,
         }
 
-    def _cpu_call(self, text, images, **kwargs):
+    def _cpu_call(self, text, images, original_input_ids=None, **kwargs):
         """Fallback: token expansion + medias kwarg -> original HF processor."""
         input_text = text[0] if isinstance(text, list) else text
 
         if images:
             # Token expansion via media_tokens_calculator
-            parts = input_text.split(self._image_token)
-            result = [parts[0]]
-            for image, part in zip(images, parts[1:]):
-                num_tokens = self._hf_processor.media_processor.media_tokens_calculator(
+            image_token_counts = [
+                int(
+                    self._hf_processor.media_processor.media_tokens_calculator(
                         {"type": "image", "image": image}
                     )
+                )
+                for image in images
+            ]
+            parts = input_text.split(self._image_token)
+            result = [parts[0]]
+            for num_tokens, part in zip(image_token_counts, parts[1:]):
                 result.append(self._image_token * num_tokens + part)
             input_text = "".join(result)
 
@@ -390,6 +454,12 @@ class KimiGPUProcessorWrapper:
             kwargs["medias"] = [{"type": "image", "image": img} for img in images]
 
         out = self._hf_processor(text=[input_text], **kwargs)
+        if images and original_input_ids is not None:
+            # preserve_processor_input_ids turns off the base class rebuild, so
+            # this path has to keep the request's own tokens itself.
+            out["input_ids"] = _expand_image_token_ids(
+                original_input_ids, self._image_token_id, image_token_counts
+            )
         grid_thws = out.pop("grid_thws", None)
         if grid_thws is not None:
             out["image_grid_thw"] = grid_thws
@@ -397,13 +467,17 @@ class KimiGPUProcessorWrapper:
 
     def _get_gpu_norm_tensors(self, device="cuda"):
         if self._gpu_norm_tensors is None:
-            image_mean = torch.tensor(
-                self._image_mean, device=device, dtype=torch.float32
+            image_scale = torch.tensor(
+                [1.0 / (255.0 * std) for std in self._image_std],
+                device=device,
+                dtype=torch.float32,
             ).view(1, 3, 1, 1)
-            image_std_inv = (
-                1.0 / torch.tensor(self._image_std, device=device, dtype=torch.float32)
+            image_bias = torch.tensor(
+                [-mean / std for mean, std in zip(self._image_mean, self._image_std)],
+                device=device,
+                dtype=torch.float32,
             ).view(1, 3, 1, 1)
-            self._gpu_norm_tensors = (image_mean, image_std_inv)
+            self._gpu_norm_tensors = (image_scale, image_bias)
         return self._gpu_norm_tensors
 
 
@@ -418,23 +492,25 @@ class KimiK2_5VLImageProcessor(KimiGridMMDataMixin, SGLangBaseProcessor):
     gpu_image_decode = True  # nvJPEG for JPEG, PIL fallback for others
     prefer_tokenized_input = True
     precompute_hash_before_cpu_transfer = True
+    # The GPU wrapper expands placeholders from the request's own token IDs.
+    preserve_processor_input_ids = True
+    auto_mm_processor_worker_num = 2
+    auto_mm_io_worker_num = 16
+    supports_mm_processor_concurrency = True
 
     def __init__(self, hf_config, server_args, _processor, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(hf_config, server_args, _processor, *args, **kwargs)
-        self.mm_tokens = MultimodalSpecialTokens(
+        mm_tokens = MultimodalSpecialTokens(
             image_token="<|media_pad|>",
             # TODO: could we convert in MultimodalSpecialTokens?
             image_token_id=hf_config.media_placeholder_token_id,
             image_token_regex=re.compile(r"(?:<\|media_pad\|>)+"),
         ).build(_processor)
 
-        # Extract media processing config from HF processor
         media_proc_cfg = _processor.media_processor.media_proc_cfg
-
-        # Replace with GPU-capable wrapper
-        self._processor = KimiGPUProcessorWrapper(
+        processor = KimiGPUProcessorWrapper(
             _processor,
-            image_token=self.mm_tokens.image_token,
+            image_token=mm_tokens.image_token,
+            image_token_id=mm_tokens.image_token_id,
             patch_size=media_proc_cfg["patch_size"],
             merge_kernel_size=media_proc_cfg["merge_kernel_size"],
             in_patch_limit=media_proc_cfg["in_patch_limit"],
@@ -443,6 +519,10 @@ class KimiK2_5VLImageProcessor(KimiGridMMDataMixin, SGLangBaseProcessor):
             image_mean=media_proc_cfg["image_mean"],
             image_std=media_proc_cfg["image_std"],
         )
+        # Initialize the executor from the final GPU wrapper. Cloning the raw
+        # HF processor here would silently bypass Kimi's GPU preprocessing.
+        super().__init__(hf_config, server_args, processor, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.mm_tokens = mm_tokens
 
     async def process_mm_data_async(
         self,
@@ -452,14 +532,43 @@ class KimiK2_5VLImageProcessor(KimiGridMMDataMixin, SGLangBaseProcessor):
         *args,
         **kwargs,
     ):
+        expected_image_count = len(image_data or [])
+        placeholder_count = self.count_image_placeholders(
+            input_text, self.mm_tokens.image_token_id
+        )
+        if placeholder_count is not None:
+            if placeholder_count != expected_image_count:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Kimi image placeholders must map one-to-one to image data: "
+                    f"expected {expected_image_count}, found {placeholder_count} token(s)"
+                )
+            base_output = await self.fast_load_mm_data(
+                prompt=input_text,
+                image_data=image_data,
+                multimodal_tokens=self.mm_tokens,
+                # fast_load_mm_data, unlike load_mm_data, does not derive
+                # input_ids from the prompt; without this the wrapper falls back
+                # to re-tokenizing the expanded string.
+                input_ids=input_text,
+            )
+        else:
             base_output = await self.load_mm_data(
                 prompt=input_text,
                 image_data=image_data,
                 multimodal_tokens=self.mm_tokens,
             )
+            # Only the text-scanning loader can come back with a different
+            # count; fast_load_mm_data fills one slot per image_data entry.
+            if len(base_output.images) != expected_image_count:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Kimi image placeholders must map one-to-one to image data: "
+                    f"expected {expected_image_count}, loaded {len(base_output.images)}"
+                )
 
-        mm_items, input_ids, _ = self.process_and_combine_mm_data(
-            base_output, self.mm_tokens
+        mm_items, input_ids, _ = await self.process_and_combine_mm_data_async(
+            base_output,
+            self.mm_tokens,
+            sglang_original_input_ids=base_output.input_ids,
         )
 
         # K2.5/K2.7 encoder-DP assigns an image to exactly one TP rank. Keep

python/sglang/srt/multimodal/processors/kimi_vl.py

@@ -39,6 +39,12 @@ class KimiVLImageProcessor(KimiGridMMDataMixin, SGLangBaseProcessor):
             image_data=image_data,
             multimodal_tokens=self.mm_tokens,
         )
+        expected_image_count = len(image_data or [])
+        if len(base_output.images) != expected_image_count:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Kimi image placeholders must map one-to-one to image data: "
+                f"expected {expected_image_count}, loaded {len(base_output.images)}"
+            )
 
         mm_items, input_ids, _ = self.process_and_combine_mm_data(
             base_output, self.mm_tokens

test/manual/vlm/verify_k25_equivalence.py

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+"""Prove the two GPU-only rewrites in the K2.5 port are equivalent to main.
+
+1. normalize_and_patchify(scale/bias) == pad -> /255 -> (x-mean)*inv_std -> patchify
+2. apply_fused_qk_complex_rope_inplace == the torch complex reference
+"""
+
+import torch
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+
+from sglang.kernels.ops.attention.vision_rope import (
+    apply_fused_qk_complex_rope_inplace,
+    prepare_fused_qk_complex_rope_inplace,
+)
+from sglang.kernels.ops.mm.process import normalize_and_patchify
+
+MEAN = [0.5, 0.5, 0.5]
+STD = [0.5, 0.5, 0.5]
+ASYM_MEAN = [0.481, 0.457, 0.408]
+ASYM_STD = [0.268, 0.261, 0.275]
+
+
+def reference_preprocess(batch_u8, mean, std, patch_size, padded_h, padded_w):
+    """Exactly what main does, in main's order."""
+    image_mean = torch.tensor(mean, device="cuda", dtype=torch.float32).view(1, 3, 1, 1)
+    image_std_inv = (1.0 / torch.tensor(std, device="cuda", dtype=torch.float32)).view(
+        1, 3, 1, 1
+    )
+    x = batch_u8.float()
+    pad_h = padded_h - x.shape[-2]
+    pad_w = padded_w - x.shape[-1]
+    if pad_h > 0 or pad_w > 0:
+        x = F.pad(x, (0, pad_w, 0, pad_h), value=0.0)
+    x = x / 255.0
+    x = (x - image_mean) * image_std_inv
+    B, C, H, W = x.shape
+    gh, gw = H // patch_size, W // patch_size
+    x = x.view(B, C, gh, patch_size, gw, patch_size)
+    return x.permute(0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 5).reshape(B, -1, C, patch_size, patch_size)
+
+
+def check_patchify():
+    print("== normalize_and_patchify vs main's pad/normalize/patchify ==")
+    torch.manual_seed(0)
+    cases = [
+        # (H, W, padded_h, padded_w, patch, mean, std, label)
+        (32, 24, 32, 24, 8, MEAN, STD, "no padding, symmetric norm"),
+        (30, 22, 32, 24, 8, MEAN, STD, "padded, symmetric norm"),
+        (30, 22, 32, 24, 8, ASYM_MEAN, ASYM_STD, "padded, per-channel norm"),
+        (64, 64, 64, 64, 16, ASYM_MEAN, ASYM_STD, "large patch"),
+    ]
+    ok = True
+    for h, w, ph, pw, patch, mean, std, label in cases:
+        raw = torch.randint(0, 256, (3, 3, h, w), dtype=torch.uint8, device="cuda")
+        ref = reference_preprocess(raw, mean, std, patch, ph, pw)
+
+        scale = torch.tensor(
+            [1.0 / (255.0 * s) for s in std], device="cuda", dtype=torch.float32
+        ).view(1, 3, 1, 1)
+        bias = torch.tensor(
+            [-m / s for m, s in zip(mean, std)], device="cuda", dtype=torch.float32
+        ).view(1, 3, 1, 1)
+        got = normalize_and_patchify(raw.float(), scale, bias, patch, ph, pw)
+
+        max_abs = (got - ref).abs().max().item()
+        # The padded rows must carry -mean/std, not zero.
+        pad_ok = True
+        if ph > h or pw > w:
+            pad_ok = torch.allclose(
+                got.flatten()[(got - ref).abs().argmax()],
+                ref.flatten()[(got - ref).abs().argmax()],
+                atol=1e-5,
+            )
+        good = max_abs < 1e-5 and pad_ok
+        ok &= good
+        print(f"  {'PASS' if good else 'FAIL'}  {label:32s} max|d|={max_abs:.3e}")
+    return ok
+
+
+def check_padded_value_is_not_zero():
+    """The old pipeline padded in raw space, so pad cells become -mean/std."""
+    print("== padded cells carry -mean/std, not 0 ==")
+    raw = torch.full((1, 3, 8, 8), 128, dtype=torch.uint8, device="cuda")
+    scale = torch.tensor(
+        [1.0 / (255.0 * s) for s in ASYM_STD], device="cuda", dtype=torch.float32
+    ).view(1, 3, 1, 1)
+    bias = torch.tensor(
+        [-m / s for m, s in zip(ASYM_MEAN, ASYM_STD)],
+        device="cuda",
+        dtype=torch.float32,
+    ).view(1, 3, 1, 1)
+    got = normalize_and_patchify(raw.float(), scale, bias, 8, 16, 16)
+    # patch index 1 is the (row 0, col 1) patch -- entirely padding.
+    pad_patch = got[0, 1]
+    expected = bias.view(3, 1, 1).expand(3, 8, 8)
+    good = torch.allclose(pad_patch, expected, atol=1e-6)
+    print(
+        f"  {'PASS' if good else 'FAIL'}  pad cell = {pad_patch[0, 0, 0].item():.6f}, "
+        f"expected -mean/std = {expected[0, 0, 0].item():.6f}"
+    )
+    return good
+
+
+def reference_rope(xq, xk, freqs_cis):
+    freqs_cis = freqs_cis.unsqueeze(-2)
+    xq_ = torch.view_as_complex(xq.float().view(*xq.shape[:-1], -1, 2))
+    xk_ = torch.view_as_complex(xk.float().view(*xk.shape[:-1], -1, 2))
+    xq_out = torch.view_as_real(xq_ * freqs_cis).flatten(-2)
+    xk_out = torch.view_as_real(xk_ * freqs_cis).flatten(-2)
+    return xq_out.type_as(xq), xk_out.type_as(xk)
+
+
+def check_rope():
+    print("== fused vision RoPE vs the torch complex reference ==")
+    torch.manual_seed(0)
+    ok = True
+    for dtype, tol in ((torch.bfloat16, 8e-3), (torch.float16, 2e-3)):
+        for tokens, heads, head_dim in ((1024, 16, 72), (4096, 8, 128), (37, 4, 64)):
+            xq = torch.randn(tokens, heads, head_dim, device="cuda", dtype=dtype)
+            xk = torch.randn(tokens, heads, head_dim, device="cuda", dtype=dtype)
+            angle = torch.randn(tokens, head_dim // 2, device="cuda")
+            freqs_cis = torch.polar(torch.ones_like(angle), angle)
+
+            ref_q, ref_k = reference_rope(xq, xk, freqs_cis)
+            prepared = prepare_fused_qk_complex_rope_inplace(freqs_cis)
+            got_q, got_k = apply_fused_qk_complex_rope_inplace(
+                xq.clone(), xk.clone(), prepared
+            )
+
+            dq = (got_q.float() - ref_q.float()).abs().max().item()
+            dk = (got_k.float() - ref_k.float()).abs().max().item()
+            good = dq < tol and dk < tol
+            ok &= good
+            print(
+                f"  {'PASS' if good else 'FAIL'}  {str(dtype):16s} "
+                f"t={tokens:5d} h={heads:2d} d={head_dim:3d}  "
+                f"max|dq|={dq:.2e} max|dk|={dk:.2e}"
+            )
+    return ok
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    results = [check_patchify(), check_padded_value_is_not_zero(), check_rope()]
+    print()
+    print("ALL PASS" if all(results) else "SOME CHECKS FAILED")
+    raise SystemExit(0 if all(results) else 1)

test/registered/kernels/ops/test_kimi_k3_prerequisite_ops.py

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ from sglang.kernels.ops.attention.set_mla_kv_concat_q import (
 from sglang.kernels.ops.attention.utils import concat_mla_absorb_q_general
 from sglang.kernels.ops.attention.vision_rope import (
     apply_fused_qk_complex_rope,
+    apply_fused_qk_complex_rope_inplace,
+    prepare_fused_qk_complex_rope_inplace,
 )
 from sglang.kernels.ops.elementwise import add3
 from sglang.kernels.ops.gemm.tiny_gemm import (
@@ -427,6 +429,33 @@ class TestKimiK3PrerequisiteOps(CustomTestCase):
         torch.testing.assert_close(actual_q, reference(q), rtol=0, atol=atol)
         torch.testing.assert_close(actual_k, reference(k), rtol=0, atol=atol)
 
+    def test_vision_rope_inplace(self):
+        # VisionAttention hands the applier contiguous q/k, which is what the
+        # in-place kernel requires; mirror that rather than qkv.unbind views.
+        for dtype in (torch.bfloat16, torch.float16):
+            torch.manual_seed(4)
+            q = torch.randn(480, 12, 128, device="cuda", dtype=dtype)
+            k = torch.randn(480, 12, 128, device="cuda", dtype=dtype)
+            angles = torch.randn(480, 64, device="cuda")
+            freqs = torch.polar(torch.ones_like(angles), angles)
+            freqs_expanded = freqs.unsqueeze(-2)
+
+            def reference(x):
+                value = torch.view_as_complex(x.float().view(*x.shape[:-1], -1, 2))
+                return torch.view_as_real(value * freqs_expanded).flatten(-2).type_as(x)
+
+            expected_q, expected_k = reference(q), reference(k)
+            prepared = prepare_fused_qk_complex_rope_inplace(freqs)
+            actual_q, actual_k = apply_fused_qk_complex_rope_inplace(q, k, prepared)
+
+            atol = 2 * torch.finfo(dtype).eps
+            torch.testing.assert_close(actual_q, expected_q, rtol=0, atol=atol)
+            torch.testing.assert_close(actual_k, expected_k, rtol=0, atol=atol)
+
+    def test_vision_rope_inplace_rejects_non_complex_frequencies(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            prepare_fused_qk_complex_rope_inplace(torch.randn(8, 64, device="cuda"))
+
     def test_normalize_and_patchify(self):
         torch.manual_seed(5)
         image = torch.randn(2, 3, 17, 19, device="cuda")

test/registered/unit/models/test_kimi_k25.py

@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
+import numpy as np
 import pytest
 import torch
 import torch.nn as nn
 import torch.nn.functional as F
+from PIL import Image
 
 from sglang.srt.managers.schedule_batch import (
     Modality,
@@ -14,9 +16,19 @@ from sglang.srt.managers.schedule_batch import (
     MultimodalInputs,
     MultimodalProcessorOutput,
 )
-from sglang.srt.models.kimi_k25 import KimiK25ForConditionalGeneration
+from sglang.srt.models.kimi_k25 import (
+    KimiK25ForConditionalGeneration,
+    mm_projection_auto,
+)
+from sglang.srt.models.kimi_vl_moonvit import tpool_patch_merger
 from sglang.srt.multimodal.mm_utils import run_dp_sharded_mrope_vision_model
+from sglang.srt.multimodal.processors.base_processor import BaseMultimodalProcessor
+from sglang.srt.multimodal.processors.kimi_common import KimiGridMMDataMixin
 from sglang.srt.multimodal.processors.kimi_k25 import (
+    KimiGPUProcessorWrapper,
+    _ensure_chw_rgb,
+    _expand_image_token_ids,
+    _resize_bicubic_if_needed,
     _resize_images_by_source_shape,
 )
 from sglang.srt.runtime_context import get_parallel
@@ -63,14 +75,12 @@ def _image_item(feature, grid_thw):
 def test_kimi_gpu_preprocess_batches_only_source_compatible_images():
     torch.manual_seed(0)
     indexed_images = [
-        (0, torch.randn(3, 32, 24)),
-        (1, torch.randn(3, 32, 24)),
-        (2, torch.randn(3, 28, 20)),
+        (0, torch.randint(0, 256, (3, 32, 24), dtype=torch.uint8)),
+        (1, torch.randint(0, 256, (3, 32, 24), dtype=torch.uint8)),
+        (2, torch.randint(0, 256, (3, 28, 20), dtype=torch.uint8)),
     ]
     expected = [
-        F.interpolate(
-            image.unsqueeze(0), size=(16, 12), mode="bicubic", align_corners=False
-        )
+        _resize_bicubic_if_needed(image.unsqueeze(0), 16, 12)
         for _, image in indexed_images
     ]
     real_interpolate = F.interpolate
@@ -92,6 +102,209 @@ def test_kimi_gpu_preprocess_batches_only_source_compatible_images():
         torch.testing.assert_close(result, reference)
 
 
+def test_kimi_resize_tracks_the_checkpoint_processors_pil_bicubic():
+    # Plain F.interpolate skips PIL's implicit antialiasing on downscale and
+    # drifts far outside 8-bit rounding; photo-like content, not pure noise.
+    rng = np.random.default_rng(0)
+    yy, xx = np.mgrid[0:512, 0:512].astype(np.float32)
+    plane = np.clip(
+        128
+        + 90 * np.sin(xx / 40) * np.cos(yy / 55)
+        + 40 * ((xx // 37 + yy // 41) % 2)
+        + rng.normal(0, 6, (512, 512)),
+        0,
+        255,
+    )
+    array = np.stack([plane, np.roll(plane, 7, 0), np.roll(plane, 13, 1)], -1).astype(
+        np.uint8
+    )
+    pil = torch.from_numpy(
+        np.asarray(Image.fromarray(array).resize((252, 252), Image.BICUBIC)).astype(
+            np.float32
+        )
+    ).permute(2, 0, 1)
+    source = torch.from_numpy(array).permute(2, 0, 1).unsqueeze(0)
+
+    resized = _resize_bicubic_if_needed(source, 252, 252)
+
+    assert resized.shape == (1, 3, 252, 252)
+    torch.testing.assert_close(resized, resized.round())
+    assert resized.min() >= 0.0 and resized.max() <= 255.0
+    # Within a couple of 8-bit levels of PIL; the non-antialiased resize is off
+    # by an order of magnitude more, which is the regression this guards.
+    assert (resized[0] - pil).abs().max() <= 4.0
+    naive = F.interpolate(
+        source.float(), size=(252, 252), mode="bicubic", align_corners=False
+    )
+    assert (naive[0] - pil).abs().max() > 20.0
+
+
+def test_kimi_resize_is_a_dtype_only_cast_when_already_at_target():
+    image = torch.randint(0, 256, (1, 3, 16, 12), dtype=torch.uint8)
+
+    resized = _resize_bicubic_if_needed(image, 16, 12)
+
+    assert resized.dtype == torch.float32
+    torch.testing.assert_close(resized, image.float())
+
+
+def test_kimi_expands_one_placeholder_per_image_from_existing_ids():
+    # 7 is the placeholder; the two images claim 3 and 2 tokens.
+    input_ids = [1, 7, 2, 7, 3]
+
+    expanded = _expand_image_token_ids(
+        input_ids, image_token_id=7, image_token_counts=[3, 2]
+    )
+
+    assert expanded.tolist() == [[1, 7, 7, 7, 2, 7, 7, 3]]
+
+
+def test_kimi_expansion_rejects_a_placeholder_count_mismatch():
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="placeholder"):
+        _expand_image_token_ids([1, 7, 2], image_token_id=7, image_token_counts=[3, 2])
+
+
+def test_kimi_expansion_matches_the_base_retokenize_avoidance_rebuild():
+    # preserve_processor_input_ids skips the base rebuild, which is only safe
+    # while both produce the same sequence. Reference is the original loop.
+    def reference(original_ids, counts, placeholder):
+        rebuilt, next_image = [], 0
+        for token_id in original_ids:
+            if token_id == placeholder:
+                rebuilt.extend([placeholder] * counts[next_image])
+                next_image += 1
+            else:
+                rebuilt.append(token_id)
+        return rebuilt
+
+    rng = np.random.default_rng(0)
+    for n_images in (1, 3, 8):
+        # Placeholder 7 is below the random range, so only the inserted
+        # positions count as placeholders.
+        ids = rng.integers(100, 5000, 400).tolist()
+        for slot in range(n_images):
+            ids.insert(slot * 37 + 5, 7)
+        counts = rng.integers(1, 400, n_images).tolist()
+        expected = reference(ids, counts, 7)
+
+        assert BaseMultimodalProcessor._expand_input_ids(ids, counts, 7) == expected
+        wrapper = _expand_image_token_ids(
+            ids, image_token_id=7, image_token_counts=counts
+        )
+        assert wrapper.flatten().tolist() == expected
+
+
+def test_kimi_cpu_fallback_keeps_the_request_tokens():
+    # preserve_processor_input_ids disables the base rebuild on every path.
+    hf_processor = Mock()
+    hf_processor.media_processor.media_tokens_calculator = Mock(return_value=3)
+    hf_processor.return_value = {"input_ids": torch.tensor([[99, 99, 99]])}
+
+    wrapper = KimiGPUProcessorWrapper.__new__(KimiGPUProcessorWrapper)
+    wrapper._hf_processor = hf_processor
+    wrapper._image_token = "<|media_pad|>"
+    wrapper._image_token_id = 7
+
+    out = wrapper._cpu_call(
+        "a<|media_pad|>b", ["img"], original_input_ids=[1, 7, 2], medias=None
+    )
+
+    # Not the [99, 99, 99] the HF processor returned.
+    assert out["input_ids"].flatten().tolist() == [1, 7, 7, 7, 2]
+
+
+def test_kimi_cpu_fallback_falls_back_to_the_hf_tokens_without_request_ids():
+    hf_processor = Mock()
+    hf_processor.media_processor.media_tokens_calculator = Mock(return_value=3)
+    hf_processor.return_value = {"input_ids": torch.tensor([[99, 99, 99]])}
+
+    wrapper = KimiGPUProcessorWrapper.__new__(KimiGPUProcessorWrapper)
+    wrapper._hf_processor = hf_processor
+    wrapper._image_token = "<|media_pad|>"
+    wrapper._image_token_id = 7
+
+    out = wrapper._cpu_call("a<|media_pad|>b", ["img"], medias=None)
+
+    assert out["input_ids"].flatten().tolist() == [99, 99, 99]
+
+
+def test_kimi_refuses_already_normalized_float_pixels():
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="uint8"):
+        _ensure_chw_rgb(torch.rand(3, 8, 8))
+
+
+def test_kimi_placeholder_count_only_reads_real_token_ids():
+    count = KimiGridMMDataMixin.count_image_placeholders
+
+    assert count([1, 7, 2, 7], 7) == 2
+    assert count(torch.tensor([[1, 7, 2]]), 7) == 1
+    assert count([1, 2, 3], 7) == 0
+    # A prompt string carries no token IDs, so the caller must not take the
+    # tokenized fast path.
+    assert count("<|media_pad|>", 7) is None
+
+
+def test_kimi_single_frame_pool_matches_the_temporal_mean():
+    torch.manual_seed(0)
+    x = torch.randn(1 * 4 * 4, 8)
+    grid_thws = torch.tensor([[1, 4, 4]])
+
+    (merged,) = tpool_patch_merger(x, grid_thws)
+
+    # t == 1 skips the mean; it must stay bit-identical to averaging one frame.
+    reference = (
+        x.view(1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 8).permute(0, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5).contiguous().mean(dim=0)
+    )
+    assert torch.equal(merged, reference.view(4, 4, 8))
+
+
+def test_kimi_multi_frame_pool_still_averages_across_frames():
+    torch.manual_seed(0)
+    x = torch.randn(3 * 4 * 4, 8)
+    grid_thws = torch.tensor([[3, 4, 4]])
+
+    (merged,) = tpool_patch_merger(x, grid_thws)
+
+    reference = (
+        x.view(3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 8).permute(0, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5).contiguous().mean(dim=0)
+    )
+    assert merged.shape == (4, 4, 8)
+    torch.testing.assert_close(merged, reference.view(4, 4, 8))
+
+
+class _IdentityProjector(nn.Module):
+    """Stands in for K2VLMultiModalProjector, which is never None in production."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.seen = None
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        self.seen = x
+        return x
+
+
+def test_kimi_projection_returns_one_flattened_feature_tensor():
+    torch.manual_seed(0)
+    per_image = [torch.randn(4, 2, 8), torch.randn(6, 2, 8)]
+
+    packed = mm_projection_auto(_IdentityProjector(), per_image)
+
+    assert packed.shape == (20, 8)
+    torch.testing.assert_close(packed, torch.cat(per_image, dim=0).reshape(-1, 8))
+
+
+def test_kimi_projection_does_not_copy_a_single_image():
+    single = torch.randn(4, 2, 8)
+    projector = _IdentityProjector()
+
+    packed = mm_projection_auto(projector, [single])
+
+    # The projector must receive the tensor itself, not a one-element cat of it.
+    assert projector.seen.data_ptr() == single.data_ptr()
+    assert packed.data_ptr() == single.data_ptr()
+
+
 def test_dp_helper_supports_moonvit3d_packed_embeddings_on_tp1():
     tower = _MoonViT3dTower()
     pixel_values = torch.randn(4, 2)
@@ -248,6 +461,28 @@ def test_kimi_k25_encoder_dp_selects_packed_moonvit_contract():
     assert callable(run_dp.call_args.kwargs["load_local_pixel_values"])
 
 
+def test_kimi_non_dp_keeps_grid_thws_on_the_host():
+    model = KimiK25ForConditionalGeneration.__new__(KimiK25ForConditionalGeneration)
+    nn.Module.__init__(model)
+    model.use_data_parallel = False
+    model.vision_tower = _MoonViT3dTower()
+    # Not the host, so a stray .to(tower.device) shows up without a GPU.
+    model.vision_tower.device = torch.device("meta")
+    model.mm_projector = _IdentityProjector()
+    items = [_image_item(torch.randn(4, 2), [[1, 2, 2]])]
+
+    with get_parallel().override(
+        tp_size=1, tp_rank=0, attn_tp_size=1, attn_tp_rank=0
+    ), patch(
+        "sglang.srt.models.kimi_k25.get_server_args",
+        return_value=SimpleNamespace(tp_size=1),
+    ):
+        model.get_image_feature(items)
+
+    # A device copy would cost one sync per .tolist() inside MoonViT3d.
+    assert model.vision_tower.grid_thws.device.type == "cpu"
+
+
 def test_kimi_lazy_ipc_feature_skips_scheduler_reconstruction():
     proxy = CudaIpcTensorTransportProxy.__new__(CudaIpcTensorTransportProxy)
     proxy.reconstruct_on_target_device = Mock()